The Béa Blog

Sperm DNA fragmentation refers to damage in the genetic material (DNA) of the sperm. Here we’ll explore what it is, how it’s measured and how it can be treated.  What is sperm DNA fragmentation? Sperm DNA fragmentation is when the DNA within the head of the sperm is damaged (fragmented). The damage is not known to have an impact on the fertilisation of eggs, however, high levels of sperm DNA fragmentation may negatively affect embryo development, implantation and pregnancy.  What are the causes of sperm DNA fragmentation? Sperm DNA fragmentation can occur during sperm production, sperm maturation or from external factors like oxidative stress (a condition caused by low levels of antioxidants). This in turn can be caused by inflammation or infections in the male genitals (like sexually transmitted diseases), varicoceles (enlarged blood vessels in the testicle), environmental and lifestyle factors, smoking and recreational drug use.  How do you test for sperm DNA fragmentation? Testing for sperm DNA fragmentation is a non-invasive procedure performed as an additional diagnostic tool and is not included in the standard semen analysis. There are no risks involved in testing as it uses a small sample of sperm that would not be used for treatment. Several different methods are available for assessing sperm DNA fragmentation and the results should be discussed with your clinician in order to understand if they are within normal range.  When might the test be offered? Sperm DNA fragmentation may be offered in cases of unexplained infertility or recurrent miscarriages. It may also be offered following a fertility treatment if there has been poor fertilisation, poor embryo development or after multiple cycles of IVF if you have not fallen pregnant.  How can you treat sperm DNA fragmentation? Changes to lifestyle is one of the most fundamental and simple ways to improve sperm quality and DNA damage. Men with low semen quality and high DNA fragmentation are recommended to quit smoking, reduce alcohol consumption, exercise and manage their weight. If an infection is present, it should be treated with a course of antibiotics and if varicoceles are the cause, then these can be surgically repaired. A common treatment that may be offered is an oral antioxidant therapy, however, currently, there is little evidence to support if oral antioxidants can repair DNA damage or increase the chances of having a baby.  References: HFEA – Sperm DNA damage WHO – Laboratory manual NICE guidelines – Trying for a baby 

An AMH test measures the levels of anti-müllerian hormone in the blood and helps assess the ovarian reserve. It’s often performed in fertility clinics to help assess how your ovaries may respond to a hormone stimulation. Here we’ll explore what AMH is, how to test for it and what limitations it has.  What is AMH? Females are born with all of the eggs they’ll ever have – roughly 1–2 million. By the time they’ve finished puberty, most people lose roughly 1,000 eggs each month (only one egg is ovulated, but more are lost in the process). AMH is a hormone produced inside the follicles of your ovaries that contain your eggs. As the number of eggs you have declines with age, so will the levels of AMH in your blood. Doctors use AMH levels to estimate how many potential eggs are left – this is known as the ovarian reserve.  How do you test your AMH levels? In a fertility clinic:  If you attend a fertility clinic for an assessment it will normally include an AMH blood test, an ultrasound scan to count the number of follicles in your ovaries and a consultation with a fertility specialist. The results of your tests will be discussed in the consultation along with your medical history and lifestyle. The specialist will discuss your fertility status and advise if there are any changes you could be making to your lifestyle to improve your overall health and your fertility.   At home: There are a few companies that offer home testing of AMH levels, and you can order online and receive your test kit within a few days. A blood sample is collected through a finger prick test and you post your kit to a testing laboratory. Results are often provided within a few days and can include a report, but they don’t always include a consultation with a medical professional.  What do the results mean? Your AMH results would be presented as a number, but there would also be an indication if they’re in a low, normal or high range.  Low level: A low level of AMH typically means that there aren’t many eggs left in your ovaries. This could also mean that the ovaries may not respond well to a hormone stimulation for egg freezing or in vitro fertilisation (IVF). But it doesn’t mean you can’t get or will have difficulty getting pregnant. Normal level: A normal level of AMH means that your result is within the reference range for females in your age group. High level: If your blood shows a very high level of AMH it could be an indicator of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). It could also mean a potential high response to hormone stimulation for fertility treatment and lower doses may be advised to reduce the risk of any severe side effects.   Limitations of AMH testing While AMH is widely used to give an indication of ovarian reserve and predict the response of a hormone stimulation for fertility treatments, it doesn’t give any indication of egg quality or predict your chances of getting pregnant. There is, however, a correlation between AMH levels and the likelihood of a successful IVF treatment cycle. Your chances of conceiving are also influenced by many factors including your age, lifestyle and health. AMH results can also be affected by outside factors such as taking hormonal contraception, how the sample is taken, the time between blood sample and analysis and how the sample is analysed. Therefore, it is important you consider using a service provider or laboratory you know to be reliable. AMH can vary slightly month to month, but does not tend to fluctuate markedly and generally follows a downward trend over time. References: NHS – IVF  The Doctors Laboratory - AMH 

Male fertility plays a part in nearly half of all infertility cases and can affect approximately 7% of all men. A semen analysis is one of the tests that should be offered to help determine if there is an underlying cause of difficulties conceiving. Here we’ll explain why you may have an analysis performed and what the results could mean.  What is semen? Semen is the thick cloudy, white fluid that comes from a man’s penis when they ejaculate. It contains seminal fluid which carries sperm cells out of a man’s body so they can fertilise an egg in order to create a pregnancy.  What is a semen analysis?  A semen analysis is a test performed to evaluate semen and sperm. The semen is collected by masturbation into a sterile pot, usually within a fertility clinic setting. The test will analyse the volume, how many sperm there are (concentration), how the sperm are moving (motility) and how they are shaped (morphology).   Why have a semen analysis? If you and your partner are having trouble getting pregnant, one of the first tests your doctor will likely ask for is a semen analysis. The aim of the test is to identify if semen is a factor affecting your fertility. It can also help determine what treatment type (if any) may be most suitable.  What do the results mean?  The World Health Organization has guidance on how to interpret semen analysis, which your doctor may refer to. The results are often presented in a report and should include: Volume - Volumes between 1.5 and 5 mL would be considered normal.  Concentration - Concentration is the number of sperm in one mL of semen. 15 million sperm per mL or more is considered normal. Total sperm count - The total sperm count is the total number of sperm found in the entire ejaculate. 39 million sperm or more would be considered normal. Motility - Motility measures the percentage of sperm that are moving. 40% or more moving sperm in the sample would be considered normal. Morphology - Morphology refers to how the sperm look based on the shape of the head, the midpiece and the tail. 4% or more normal forms is considered normal.  If the results are within the reference range, you may be encouraged to continue trying to conceive through intercourse for a total of 2 years before any treatment is offered. If the results show low sperm quality, you may be referred for additional tests or a repeat semen analysis, as results can vary between ejaculates. You may be referred for fertility treatment funded by the NHS after you have been trying for a total of 1–2 years. How to access a semen analysis Your GP should refer you for a semen analysis if you’ve been trying to conceive for 1 year. You may be referred earlier if there’s a reason to think the sperm count may be low. Alternatively, you could pay for a private semen analysis or a home sperm test. Additional resources We know that fertility investigations and treatment can be a challenging experience for men. A 2017 survey from the Fertility Network UK found that most respondents felt it affected their mental wellbeing, self-esteem and relationships. Visit HIMfertility https://fertilitynetworkuk.org/himfertility/ for more information and support.  References: NHS – Causes of infertility NHS – Low sperm count  NICE guidelines – Semen analysis  WHO - Laboratory manual 

We know it can be upsetting when you’re trying for a baby and you’re not getting pregnant as quickly as you may have hoped. The NHS explains that around 84% of heterosexual couples will conceive within a year if they have regular, unprotected intercourse. This means that some couples may conceive quickly, but for others, it may take longer. Here we’ll explain when you should seek medical advice, what you can expect from your GP and what your next steps may be.  When should you see a GP about your fertility? The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines state you should visit your GP if: You’re under the age of 35 and you’ve been trying to conceive for 1 year You’re over the age of 35. Get in touch with your GP sooner as you may be able to access investigations earlier You or your partner have a condition that is known to affect fertility, as you may be able to access investigations earlier What will you discuss with your GP? Your GP will perform an assessment and determine if you’re eligible to access tests in order to see if there are any underlying causes of the fertility problems you may be experiencing. They will ask specific questions relating to your reproductive health and sexual intercourse. This may feel uncomfortable to talk about, but it’s important to be as open as you can, as your GP is there to help you. In order to help you prepare for that visit with your GP, here are some questions you may be asked: Contraception If you’ve taken any type of contraception, your GP will want to know what type and when you stopped using it. They may ask if you experienced any side effects while taking/coming off of contraception. Your menstrual period You may be asked when your last menstrual period was, how long your menstrual cycles are and if they are regular. This can help determine if there’s any irregularity in your ovulation. Sexual intercourse You’re more likely to get pregnant around the time of ovulation, so your GP may ask you questions about when and how frequently you have intercourse. Known medical conditions or medication Some long-term medical conditions and some medications can have an impact on your ability to conceive. It’s important to discuss these with your GP to get the best medical advice when moving forward. Lifestyle factors Smoking and passive smoking can reduce the chances of getting pregnant. You may be asked about your alcohol consumption, as excessive drinking can have a negative impact on semen quality. You may be asked about your weight or asked to be weighed, as the guidelines recommend having a BMI between 19 and 30. Cervical smear Your GP will also make sure that your cervical smear is in date. Cervical screening is a way of checking if there are any abnormal cells in the cervix, which would sometimes need to be removed. This would need to be done before any potential pregnancy. Rubella status Your rubella status will also be checked, as you may need to have a vaccination before getting pregnant. Once the assessment has been completed, your GP may request investigations to determine if there’s an underlying cause of fertility problems. This will involve blood tests, an ultrasound and a semen analysis. For more information, read our article Common fertility tests. Treatment availability on the NHS Once your GP has completed your fertility investigations, they will decide if you need medical support when trying to conceive and if you are eligible for treatment funded by the NHS. You could be eligible for six cycles of IUI (intrauterine insemination) or three cycles of IVF (in vitro fertilisation) funded by the NHS. However, the provision of funded treatment is determined by your local area, so it’s important that your GP prepares you for what is available to you. Eligibility In order to be referred for treatment, you may have to fulfil certain criteria, which may include limitations based on your: Age Body Mass Index (BMI) Length of time trying to conceive Previous children Lifestyle factors Sterilisation  References: NICE – Trying for a baby  NHS – Treatment for infertility 

If you’ve been trying to conceive for over a year, it might be a good idea to make an appointment with your GP for some investigations. The tests may help determine if there’s an underlying cause of why you’re not getting pregnant. Here we’ll explore the different types of tests you may encounter.  What do GPs test for? Your GP will ask you about your menstrual cycle, your medical history, if you take any medications, how long you’ve been trying to conceive and may ask specific questions about the timing of when you have sex. Most commonly, investigations will involve blood tests, an ultrasound and a semen analysis.  Blood tests: P21 - This test measures progesterone levels to assess if ovulation has taken place.  FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) - This is used to give an indication of ovarian activity.  LH (luteinising hormone) - LH should reach a peak before ovulation, but elevated LH levels can have an abnormal effect on the ovaries.  E2 (oestradiol) - High levels of E2 may suppress other reproductive hormones that are responsible for ovulation, so an elevated E2 could mean that you’re not ovulating each month. In some cases, your GP may request additional tests like: Prolactin - Elevated levels of prolactin may suppress ovulation so prolactin may be checked if periods are absent. TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) - Both an overactive and an underactive thyroid gland can have an impact on ovulation, and measuring TSH levels would give an indication if this is the cause of any fertility issues. Testosterone -Raised levels of testosterone can disrupt your menstrual cycle and may lead to irregular cycles.  Ultrasound In addition to blood tests, you may also have a pelvic or transvaginal ultrasound examination to assess your uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. This is used to look for signs that your fallopian tubes could be blocked, which could be preventing the eggs from travelling down after ovulation or preventing sperm from reaching the egg. It could also determine if you have any conditions affecting your uterus, like fibroids or endometriosis, as they may have an impact on your chances of conceiving.  Semen analysis A semen analysis is performed to check if there are any issues with the sperm, such as a low count or low motility. The results will include: Volume  Sperm concentration (how many there are) Motility (how they move) Morphology (how they look)  Based on the results of your tests, your GP should be able to advise you on your next steps, in order to help you when trying to conceive.   References: NICE guidelines – Fertility problems  NHS – Diagnosis of infertility  

Most people want to know how long it will take them to get pregnant. Although we do know how long it takes on average for a person or couple, it is impossible to tell how long it will take you to get pregnant, because each person is unique. In this article, we discuss the average time to conceive and when you should consider speaking with your doctor about fertility. How long does it take to conceive? Most couples (around 8 in 10) will get pregnant within one year if they have regular, unprotected sex. For some, it can happen quickly, but we know it gets harder to cope with the longer it takes. Does age affect fertility? Yes, it does. This can be frustrating and upsetting because your age is not something you can control. Many people wait to have children later in life with good reason, like wanting to create a safe and supportive environment, focusing on their career first or trying to find the right partner to have a child with. The impact that age has on fertility can be due to the number and quality of eggs decreasing over time or the quality of sperm reducing with age. How to improve your fertility Fertility can also be affected by your lifestyle and there are some things you can do to improve it. These include: Quitting smoking Exercising Eating a healthy, balanced diet Managing any long-term conditions (like diabetes) Limiting alcohol Avoiding recreational drugs  How often should we be having sex? NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) guidelines advise to have sex every 2 to 3 days throughout the month to increase your chances of conception. However, we understand that this can be impractical or undesirable – having a set schedule for sex can make it feel like a chore. Some couples time sex by when the woman ovulates (releases an egg). Taking an ovulation test every day can feel burdensome and this can become tiring over time. It’s important to choose which method works best for you and your partner. You might decide to alternate between methods.  When should I get help with conception? Your GP should usually be your first port of call if you’re concerned about fertility. The guidelines in most areas suggest couples should be trying to conceive for at least a year before being investigated for fertility. However, there are situations when you shouldn’t wait to see your GP. These include: If you are over 36 If you have a known issue that could affect your fertility (like endometriosis, PCOS or low sperm count)  If you are concerned you or your partner may have an undiagnosed medical issue that may be affecting your ability to get pregnant References: NHS – How long does it usually take to get pregnant?  NICE guidelines – Trying for a baby Tommy’s – How long does it take to get pregnant? 

There’s a lot of waiting involved when trying to conceive. Waiting to test for ovulation, waiting for ovulation, waiting to have intercourse or waiting to inseminate – waiting to just be pregnant already. But many say the hardest wait is the two-week wait – the (eternal) wait for when you can test for pregnancy. We’ve included some tips for how to cope during this time.  Stay busy Some people will want to stay busy with work, others may want to have activities planned to stay occupied. Wanting to test for pregnancy may be a feeling always lingering in the back of your mind – but staying busy can help the time pass faster.  Get support from people who understand Having someone to talk to can help you cope. This could be through online forums or social media, fertility support groups, a fertility coach or a licensed BICA counsellor who specialises in fertility issues.  Try to avoid testing early The result of your pregnancy test might not be reliable if you test too early. It can be incredibly tempting because you think you might find out quicker, but it’s important to wait, as you could be disappointed by a false negative result. Try to avoid testing before the recommended day as described by the kit you’re using.  Explore relaxation techniques Relaxation techniques can help manage anxiety and lower stress levels. You could explore yoga, Pilates, meditation, acupuncture or journaling to help you unwind. Any type of self-care that can help you de-stress can be beneficial during the two-week wait.  Be kind to yourself This can be a really difficult time that might make you feel anxious, stressed or worried. It’s a time when you really can’t do anything besides wait until your pregnancy test. There’s nothing you can do to increase your chances of getting pregnant and please know that your worries won’t negatively impact your chances of getting pregnant. Don’t be hard on yourself if you’re feeling concerned – it’s completely normal!  Check out our Guide to Pregnancy Testing for more information. But be aware that many of the symptoms associated with early pregnancy are very similar to those you may experience when your period is about to start. 

What an exciting week it's been at Béa, our long-awaited efficacy results are here!  39.28% pregnancy rate over 3 Béa Treatment cycles Here’s a deeper dive into the data:  56 users participated in the Research Edition study.  All users completed up to 3 treatment cycles with their Béa Treatment Kits. 22 pregnancies were reported.  Here’s what we can tell you about those 56 users:  Average age of the carrier: 37.6 Percentage of females with gynaecological conditions (endometriosis, PCOS, etc.): 42.9% Percentage of males with semen abnormalities: 30.4% Percentage of users who have been TTC for more than 12 months: 60.0% Percentage of users who have tried IVF or IUI prior to Béa Treatment: 9.1% We feel strongly about being transparent and clear in how we report our pregnancy rate, and we commit to updating this efficacy data and sharing it with you every time we get new information from new users.  This efficacy data we have here is really encouraging, and we will always champion realistic and responsible marketing for this technology. And so it feels important to state one thing very clearly: ICI will not work for everyone. Our commitment to you is to be realistic and transparent, and support every single family as they navigate their journey after Béa. There are no guarantees in fertility, and many of us on this journey will need IVF. Béa is not – and will never be – the only treatment for many. It is just the first step.  We built Béa with the belief that we all deserved safer, simpler, more affordable fertility treatment options – that crucial first step. As I sit here reflecting on what this 39% means, the feeling I feel most right now is a deep sense of pride. I am proud of my team, who pour their hearts into their jobs and care more than anyone I know. I am proud of our first users, who gave us their trust, and kept giving it even though we weren’t always perfect in the early days. I’m proud of the change we’re driving in the fertility industry. ICI works. It needs to be brought back into the fertility treatment pathway, and I couldn’t be prouder to be leading the change we all so deeply deserve. Here's to every single one of those 56 first Béa users who trusted us with their journey - my deepest gratitude to you all.    Hear more from Tess below:

New year’s resolutions are like Black Friday deals. No matter how hard you try to ignore them, they have a habit of sneaking up on you. If you’re feeling the urge to make some resolutions for the new year and you’ve got your sights set on starting a family, we’re here to remind you to have compassion for yourself. 

Sexually transmitted infections, or why it burns when you pee The most important thing to know is that if left untreated STIs can impact your future fertility. That means it’s important to take precautions to prevent them, recognise the signs if you have one and we recommend regular sexual health screens.

Trigger Warning.This article discusses about one of the hardest parts of fertility, miscarriage. We’ll discuss what to do if you think you’re having a miscarriage, how to

When you’ve decided it’s the right time to try for a baby it’s natural to want it to happen as quickly as possible, and it can be upsetting if it’s not happening the way you’d hoped. Whether you’re trying to conceive through intercourse or through fertility treatment, it can be a hard time for any couple. Here we’ve provided some information on how to support your partner when trying to have a baby.   This stuff is hard The experience of trying to conceive can feel like a whirlwind of cycle tracking, ovulation testing, timed intercourse, injecting hormones, having side effects from medication, juggling appointments and scheduling insemination. This is enough to stress anyone out and add a strain on your mental health and relationship. Finding ways to be supportive during this time can help alleviate some of that strain you may be experiencing.  What can you do? Be patient Your partner may not be able to express what she’s feeling or thinking, most likely it’s a combination of anxiety and anticipation, but let her know that you’re there and ready to listen if she wants to talk.    Be present Medical treatments are often more demanding of the female partner than the male. Accompany your partner to appointments when you can, be present to share updates and ask questions. You might even want to be the one performing the hormone injections. Set healthy boundaries Some people confide in family and friends when going through fertility problems or treatment. Decide as a couple how much you want to share and set boundaries so you don’t feel pressured to share intimate details. This may include declining to attend certain social events like baby showers or family gatherings if they may be triggering to you or your partner. Respect the differences in your coping strategies You and your partner may manage your emotions differently when trying to get pregnant. Being optimistic, hopeful, realistic or pessimistic will not have an impact on the outcome, so be sure to listen to each other and respond to each other’s needs. Some problems don’t need to be fixed, just listened to. (Communication is key!) Take breaks While you and your partner are committed to starting a family, remember to occasionally take some time to yourselves so the process doesn’t become all-consuming. Go on dates or find an activity you both enjoy so you can reconnect as a couple. Seek help through counselling All fertility clinics are required to offer counselling before starting any treatment. In some cases, however, this does come at an additional cost. Counselling can give you an opportunity to discuss your feelings in a confidential space with a counsellor who specialises in fertility problems and treatment. You can talk to your GP about getting counselling on the NHS, or if you prefer to go privately, you can book a consultation with an accredited infertility counsellor. Explore support groups Fertility support groups can offer a chance to talk and share experiences with others who are also trying to conceive. This can be done as a couple or individually, and both present an opportunity to discuss your emotions without feeling like you’re being a burden to your partner. Reduce daily stress Daily stresses may seem minor, but they can impact our moods and even more so when going through fertility problems. Consider getting help with cleaning or having groceries delivered – anything that can make life a little easier. Never put blame on yourself or your partner It can be easy to let negative thoughts creep in when going through fertility problems, but blame can be detrimental to any relationship. Remember that trying to have a family is something that you’re doing together, as a couple. Try to talk about this openly with your partner so no one feels guilty about having fertility problems or going through treatment.    Be sensitive about important dates If you and your partner have previously had a miscarriage, the due date of the baby you lost may be an especially sensitive time.   Resources Infertility can be hard but you are not alone, Here are some helpful resources: Fertility Network UK – Fertility groups  HFEA - Getting emotional support British Infertility Counselling Association 

It’s been one heck of a week, and as we race into the holiday period I wanted to share some ideas and strategies for looking after yourself over the holidays. It’s not an easy time of year if you’re trying to conceive, and that's ok. Have a skim of the below, take what serves you, and get in touch if you need any support – we're all here to help.   People are reading into me + alcohol… 🔮🍷 It's wild how people love jumping to conclusions, and not drinking can be misinterpreted as “they’re pregnant!”, which is not ideal. Whether you’re downing martinis like they’re going out of fashion or sticking to water, remember that what they think doesn't matter. You can either fend it off (”Yes mother I will have wine, thank you and no further comment”) or ignore it entirely. They’re just being nosy.   Wait, does alcohol impact fertility and should I stay off it? 🍸 Honestly? You do you. This is such a gnarly issue with so many judgemental people weighing in, and in reality the data is just not strong enough to make a case for giving up alcohol entirely when TTC. Not even NICE and NHS agree on this one, their websites say different things. When it comes to TTC and alcohol, the age-old, not exciting advice applies: everything in moderation. Except for judgement. None of that please. You’re doing just fine, we promise.   If another friend does a Holiday Pregnancy announcement I’m going to… 😡😭🤯 Yep, I hear you. Fertility envy (jealousy when someone else announces a pregnancy) is a very real, normal thing. We all get it, it’s totally ok. Try this: 1) take deep breath, 2) remind yourself it’s ok to be jealous, don’t judge yourself for reacting negatively, 3) have someone you can call or talk to in that moment to help ground yourself, 4) think in advance how you want to respond to the announcement - if they’re a dear friend, they’ll understand your need for time and space, 5) prioritise you. This is your journey too, you get to decide how you want to respond. Draw a clear boundary 🤺 Boundaries are in vogue (and a bit misunderstood, IMO... more on that later). A boundary is kindly, firmly and clearly telling someone the behaviours you are and are not willing to accept. Here are a few you can try: “I would appreciate it if we can leave the topic of me having kids off the table, let’s focus on enjoying these few days together.” or “I’m aware that some people my age have kids already. I have my reasons for taking my time, and I’m afraid it’s not open to discussion.”Whatever happens, look after yourself. It’s a tough time of year, and if we can be helpful, you know where we are.

When you’ve decided to start a family it’s natural to want it to happen as quickly as possible, and it can be upsetting if it’s not happening the way you’d hoped. If you’ve been trying to get pregnant for some time, every pregnancy test can trigger a different range of emotions. There’s no right way to feel or right way to cope, but here are some suggestions you may find helpful if you’re staring at a negative test.  Have a good cry If you feel like crying – do it. Crying can actually release feel-good chemicals that may have a soothing effect and can help relieve physical pain. Crying is a visible response that can really help as well as encourage support from those around you (like a partner or a friend that can give you a cuddle and shoulder to cry on).  Let yourself be sad Seeing a negative test can really hurt, but often people feel the need to brush it off and go about their day. Be kind to yourself and allow yourself the time and space you need to feel sad. Your feelings are completely valid. Lean into your support network Many people feel isolated when trying to get pregnant. It’s an incredibly intimate and personal phase in your life and not something you may want to share with everyone. However, opening up to a close friend or family member can be really beneficial in helping you feel supported. Shut down unhelpful thoughts A negative pregnancy test not only comes with feelings of sadness about not being pregnant now, but the plans and dreams about your future family get questioned and this creates worry and concern. Please remember that the result of this test doesn’t mean you’ll never get pregnant. Find your solace Whether you’ve had a good cry or not, you may find that surrounding yourself with things that bring you comfort and joy can help process your emotions. Read a good book, cosy up with a cup of tea or binge-watch a new series on TV.  Respect the differences in coping strategies You and your partner may manage your emotions differently. Being optimistic, hopeful, realistic or pessimistic will not have an impact on the outcome, so be sure to listen to each other and respond to each other’s needs. Some problems don’t need to be fixed, just listened to.   Know when it’s time to see a doctor If you’re under the age of 35, are generally healthy and have no reason to believe you or your partner have reduced fertility, usually, your GP will require you to have been trying for a year before investigating you for infertility. If you’re over the age of 35 or if you have a known cause of fertility problems (such as endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome or low sperm count) you should visit your GP sooner as you may be able to access investigations earlier.    We hope this article helps you to process the many emotions that can come with a negative pregnancy test. Remember, whatever you’re feeling is valid and take whatever time or space you need to process these emotions.   References: NHS – Infertility NICE Guidelines - Fertility problems

A new survey released for National Fertility Awareness Week has found that thousands of Brits are turning away from IVF to seek alternative fertility treatments. Thousands of Brits are turning away from IVF to explore different fertility treatments as they struggle to conceive Half (51%) of fertility patients want treatment options that they can carry out at home, with many having already tried to access support on the NHS or privately Two-fifths (40%) of patients want cheaper treatment options, with the high cost of clinical care, including IVF, proving an inhibitive barrier for many The research, carried out by fertility experts Béa Fertility as part of their mission to close the fertility data gap, surveyed over 4,000 UK adults who are currently trying or struggling to conceive and are open to exploring new treatment options.The survey found that 46% of respondents are actively “looking for something new to try” on their fertility journey; whilst more than half (51%) want access to treatments they can carry out at home. These findings come amid fresh scrutiny of the significant inequalities in access to IVF, and advancements in new care alternatives - including at-home sperm and hormone testing, and pioneering treatments such as Intracervical Insemination (ICI). Nearly half of fertility patients want cheaper treatment optionsTwo-fifths of the people surveyed said they wanted access to cheaper fertility treatment options. In the UK, a single round of IVF can cost up to and above £5000. Other treatments, such as Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) also carry a high fee, and clinical consultation and support can pose additional costs. People want new options after years of fertility struggles More than half (58%) of respondents had already been trying to conceive for more than two years before exploring new treatment options. Two-fifths (40.9%) had undergone fertility investigations on the NHS and more than 1 in 10 (14%) had tried IVF.When asked why they were considering different methods or treatments, one-third (36%) cited looking for an option that meant they didn’t have to join a waitlist. Others reported having been excluded from treatments on the NHS, with some failing restrictive eligibility criteria for reasons including their age and BMI.Access to traditional treatments such as IVF and IUI is particularly inhibitive for minority groups including single parents, LGBTQ+ couples and those experiencing secondary infertility.Same-sex female couples are currently required to self-fund at least six rounds of Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) before they can qualify for IVF on the NHS. Heterosexual couples have to have been trying to conceive naturally for two years to reach the same threshold.Tess Cosad, CEO and co-founder at Béa Fertility, comments:“While up to 1 in 6 of us will experience problems with our fertility, seeking effective and affordable treatment in the UK remains a minefield for many. Inhibitive costs, lengthy wait lists and an NHS postcode lottery are making traditional treatments like IVF increasingly difficult to access. Around 55,000 people in the UK underwent IVF or donor insemination in 2021, according to the HFEA - yet 3.5 million people are estimated to be struggling with fertility across the country. We desperately need safe and effective alternative treatments for those struggling to access IVF, or for when it’s not a viable option.”Dr Hannah Allen, NHS GP and women’s health expert, comments:“As a GP I see countless patients struggling to navigate their fertility treatment and care options. It’s often equally difficult for us as doctors to help these patients to access the right support, thanks to growing pressure on resources and lengthy wait times for care. It’s not a surprise, therefore, that many fertility patients are seeking alternative treatment options. We need to make sure these alternatives are safe and can provide the necessary level of wraparound support to help patients achieve a healthy pregnancy. As these treatments become increasingly popular, doctors must also be prepared to help guide patients in navigating and choosing the best option for them, and supporting them to use it safely.”Béa Fertility is on a mission to close the data gap surrounding infertility. The company is currently carrying out the world’s largest at-home fertility treatment study to support advancements in the development of early-stage fertility interventions and accelerate its mission to build accessible fertility treatments for all. Béa Fertility released its first at-home fertility treatment earlier this year. About the survey The data was collected by fertility experts Béa Fertility from a survey of 4,110 UK adults who registered interest in alternative fertility treatments by completing an Online Consultation on the Béa Fertility website. The purpose of the survey was to gain insights into the demographic, needs and challenges being faced by individuals trying to conceive in the UK, to bridge the significant gap in existing fertility data.

Talking to a GP about fertility can be difficult. However – your GP is there to help and support you. Here we discuss how to get the most out of your consultation. How to talk to your GP It can be worrying when you’re not sure what is going on with your body, but you should never feel embarrassed when talking about fertility with your GP. The more details you share, the easier it can be for them to help you. We’ve provided some tips that may make it easier: Understand if your period is irregular An irregular period is a cycle shorter than 21 days or longer than 35 days, having fewer than 8 cycles per year or having a cycle longer than 90 days. Having a regular cycle is a good indicator that you are ovulating.  Track your period Your GP will likely ask questions about your menstrual cycle, and it might help if you have details about how long your cycles are and how long your period normally lasts.  Don’t wait to get help If you’re trying to conceive and have a condition that impacts your fertility, like irregular periods, PCOS or endometriosis, you should visit your GP, as you may be able to access tests or treatments sooner.  Understand what care the NHS can provide NHS trusts across England and Wales are working to provide the same levels of service. But the provision of fertility treatment varies across the country, and often depends on local ICB (Integrated Care Board) policies. If you’re not sure, ask your GP to advise you.  You should visit your GP if: You’re under 36 years old and have been trying to conceive for 1 year You’ve over 36 years old and have been trying for 6 months If you have a known medical reason for fertility problems If you are a single woman or in a same-sex female relationship Your GP might carry out an assessment and perform some initial tests to see if there is an underlying cause of the delay in getting pregnant. They may determine if you’re suitable for clinical treatment in a fertility clinic. Read our article What alternative treatment options do I have? for more information.  Prepare for your appointment GP appointments can be short, so you may want to prepare in advance. You could write down details of: How long you’ve been trying to conceive The length of your menstrual cycle How long your period lasts Any symptoms you’ve been experiencing (such as painful periods or bleeding in between periods) Any specific questions you want your GP to answer (don’t be afraid to ask questions – there are no ‘silly‘ questions and it is better to share these with your GP so they have the chance to respond). Ask for another appointment if needed Appointments with your GP can feel too short. If this is the case, book a follow-up straight after. It is important you leave your appointments feeling more confident and understanding your next steps. We hope this helps you to make a start on getting the support you need.

Navigating fertility can be confusing. And the terms used when we talk about fertility can be equally so. To help you, we’ve put together this list of the most common terms.     Artificial insemination A procedure that involves directly inserting sperm into a woman’s uterus or cervix to help her conceive. Assisted reproduction Treatments that enable people to conceive without having sexual intercourse. Methods include intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilisation (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), donor insemination, egg donation and surrogacy. BBT Basal body temperature. A method used for tracking ovulation.  Cervix The lower part of the uterus that forms a canal between the uterus and the vagina. Egg or ovum The female reproductive cell. A woman usually ovulates one egg in a monthly cycle. Embryo A fertilised egg. ET Embryo transfer. A process where an embryo is transferred with a catheter from a culture dish in the laboratory, to the uterus.   Endometriosis A condition where the endometrium, the tissue that lines the inside of the uterus, is found outside the uterus. Fallopian tubes The pair of tubes leading from a woman’s ovaries to her uterus. The fallopian tube is where fertilisation of the egg by a sperm takes place. Follicle A small sac in the ovary in which the egg develops. FMU Foetal Medicine Unit’s specialise in supporting pregnancies where there may be a concern for the health of the unborn baby.  FSH FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) is a type of gonadotropin. It’s a hormone that a woman can take to stimulate her ovaries to produce eggs.  Gamete Reproductive cell (egg or sperm). Gonadotropin Gonadotropins are hormones that regulate ovarian and testicular function. hCG hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) is a hormone that is produced during pregnancy. Pregnancy tests measure levels of hCG in blood or urine.    HSG HSG (hysterosalpingogram) is an x-ray procedure to confirm if the fallopian tubes are open and to view the inside of the uterus.  HyCoSy Hysterosalpingo Contrast Sonography is a scan that uses contrast dye to view the patency of the fallopian tubes.  ICI ICI (intracervical insemination) is a procedure in which sperm is placed near a woman’s cervix to help her conceive. ICSI ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) is a procedure where sperm are injected individually into eggs under a microscope.  IUI IUI (intrauterine insemination) is a procedure in which sperm are placed inside the uterus to help conceive.  IVF IVF (in vitro fertilisation) is a treatment where eggs are removed from the ovaries and fertilised with sperm outside the body. The fertilised egg, an embryo, is transferred to the uterus in order to create a pregnancy.  IVI IVI (intravaginal insemination) is a process in which sperm are inserted into the vagina.  LH LH (luteinising hormone) is a gonadotropin. During the menstrual cycle, LH levels will rise and trigger ovulation.  Medicated cycle A medicated cycle refers to a fertility treatment that is performed with hormone medication to stimulate your ovaries to produce eggs.  Menstrual cycle The menstrual cycle means the time between the first day of your period up until the day before your next period. The average length is around 28 days, but anything between 21 days and 35 days is considered ‘normal’. Natural cycle A natural cycle refers to a fertility treatment taking place during your menstrual cycle without any hormone medication.  OHSS OHSS (ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome) is a condition that can develop due to excessive response of the ovaries to stimulation drugs.  OPK OPK (ovulation predictor kit) measures the levels of LH in your urine to help predict when ovulation will happen.  Ovaries The female reproductive organs that produce eggs and oestrogen on a monthly basis. Ovulation The release of the egg from a follicle in the ovary. PCOS PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) is a common condition that affects how a woman’s ovaries work and disrupts the hormonal balance in the body.  Period A period is the part of the menstrual cycle when the uterus sheds its lining and bleeds from the vagina for a few days. Sperm The male reproductive cell, which fertilises a woman’s egg. Uterus The uterus is a female reproductive organ in the pelvis that sheds its lining monthly (during menstruation) and is where a pregnancy is created and a baby grows.The uterus is a female reproductive organ in the pelvis that sheds its lining monthly (during menstruation) and is where a pregnancy is created and a baby grows.

There are a lot of everyday factors that can influence your fertility. By optimising your health, you could be increasing your chances of conceiving and having a healthy pregnancy and baby. Here are a few things to think about that might impact your chances of conceiving.  Visit your GP If you have a long-term condition like diabetes, epilepsy or HIV, you may want to consider speaking with your GP for advice on optimising your health before trying to conceive. You should also visit your GP if you regularly take medication or have a known genetic condition where there is a risk of passing it on to your baby. Folic acid Taking folic acid when trying to conceive and for the first 12 weeks of pregnancy can help prevent certain birth defects. The usual dose for women trying to conceive is 400 micrograms daily, however, this may be increased by your doctor if needed. Nutrition NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) guidelines recommend having a BMI between 20 and 30 when trying to conceive because some studies show that being underweight or overweight may impact your ability to conceive. While this isn’t the case for everyone, it’s still important to eat a well-balanced diet that provides adequate nutrition (i.e. an appropriate intake of vitamins, fibre and protein). Exercise Daily exercise can help maintain a healthy weight, increase blood circulation and improve blood sugar levels. While it may not directly improve your fertility, it can help increase your energy levels and release feel-good hormones, serotonin and dopamine, which can help combat stress levels. Stop smoking, vaping or using nicotine-containing products Smoking can increase the risk of heart and lung disease, but it can also lead to problems with fertility. The chemicals found in cigarette smoke can damage the genetic material in eggs and can speed up the loss of eggs. Stopping smoking can improve your general health and your fertility.  Limit alcohol consumption Drinking large amounts of alcohol during pregnancy can increase the risk of miscarriage and preterm birth, and can harm your baby’s development. Due to the health implications that drinking can have on you and your baby, the general advice is to reduce alcohol consumption to four units of alcohol or fewer when trying to get pregnant. Stop recreational drug use Recreational drugs such as cannabis, cocaine and anabolic steroids can interfere with your fertility and cause health complications in a developing baby. Prolonged cannabis use can cause hormone disruptions, which in turn can affect ovulation and reduce the chances of conceiving. Understand your menstrual cycle The menstrual cycle is a good indicator of female fertility. Irregular cycles, painful periods or spotting before your period, can be signs that there’s an underlying cause that needs to be addressed. Cervical smear Regular cervical smears lower the incidence of cervical cancer. If cellular changes are detected in the cervix, they can be treated before any pregnancy. Rubella status Infection with rubella can harm developing babies during pregnancy. You should be offered a test to find out if you’re immune to rubella or offered the vaccination. You should wait for 1 month after your rubella vaccination before attempting to get pregnant. Medicines and drugs Some prescription and over-the-counter medicines can interfere with your fertility. You should discuss with your GP any medicines you are taking so they can offer you appropriate advice. They should also ask you about recreational drugs (such as cannabis, cocaine and anabolic steroids), as these can also interfere with your fertility and damage a developing baby.  If you are aiming to make adjustments to your lifestyle to improve your health pre-conception, try to find a balance within the areas you are making changes to. Any type of self-care you enjoy can be beneficial in stress reduction and overall wellbeing. If it instead becomes all-consuming and gives you more stress – let it go. Your mental health is important too. References: NICE guidelines – Pre-conception - advice and management  NICE guidelines – Trying for a baby  NHS – Planning your pregnancy

National Infertility Awareness Week® (NIAW) is almost over, but what have we learned this year? NIAW is a movement founded in 1989 by RESOLVE, with the mission to empower people and change the conversation around infertility. Its purpose is to educate the public about reproductive health and reduce the stigma that comes with fertility problems by talking about them openly.

Let's cut right to the chase. If you're an employer – regardless how big or small – here’s what you can do to support your employees. 

The unspoken toll of the toxic masculinity on men. A quick Google search or skim through your Instagram feed would probably leave you with the sense that infertility is a female health issue, experienced by – and talked about by – women.

Seemingly, BMI is one of the simplest and most accessible ways to quickly calculate an individual’s health. It is commonly used in fertility, to calculate if an individual could benefit from losing weight, which in turn can help increase fertility. However, many call into question the accuracy of this measurement.

The idea of a ‘biological clock’ was created to describe the feeling of time pressure felt by some as they balance getting older and wanting to have children. Fertility declines with age, and the ‘biological clock’ almost perfectly describes the conflicting pressures we can feel - but does the concept still serve us? Read on as we delve deeper. 

You’ve got your mind on all things fertility, and you’re trying to decide if you should work out more. Or join Crossfit. Or (gulp) hire a personal trainer…